What does the Bible say about dogs?

The Bible, an ancient text spanning centuries and cultures, offers a rich tapestry of insights into the human relationship with the world, including animals. Dogs, in particular, appear in various contexts throughout the scriptures, and understanding these references can provide us with a nuanced view of how we might consider our canine companions from a biblical perspective.

To begin, it’s important to recognize that the cultural and historical context of the Bible is vastly different from our modern era. In ancient Israel, dogs were generally not seen as pets or companions in the way many people view them today. They often roamed in packs and were considered unclean animals. This perception is reflected in several biblical passages.

One of the earliest mentions of dogs in the Bible is found in Exodus 22:31, where God commands the Israelites, "You shall be holy men to me; therefore you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by beasts in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs." Here, dogs are depicted as scavengers, consuming what humans deem unfit. This image is reinforced in 1 Kings 14:11, where it is prophesied that dogs will consume the bodies of those who die in the city, highlighting their role as cleaners of the refuse.

The book of Psalms also offers a glimpse into the negative connotations associated with dogs. In Psalm 22:16, the psalmist laments, "For dogs have surrounded me; a band of evildoers has encompassed me; they pierced my hands and my feet." This imagery portrays dogs as symbols of danger and malevolence, aligning them with evildoers. Similarly, in Philippians 3:2, Paul warns, "Beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of the false circumcision," using "dogs" metaphorically to describe those who pervert the gospel.

Despite these largely negative depictions, there are moments in the Bible where dogs appear in a more neutral or even positive light. In the New Testament, the story of the Syrophoenician woman in Mark 7:24-30 and Matthew 15:21-28 provides a different perspective. When the woman pleads with Jesus to heal her demon-possessed daughter, Jesus initially responds, "It is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs." She replies, "Yes, Lord, but even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs." Jesus commends her faith and grants her request. Here, the woman’s response indicates a recognition of dogs as part of the household, albeit in a humble position, and her faith leads to a positive outcome.

Furthermore, Proverbs 26:11 offers a proverbial lesson using the behavior of dogs: "As a dog returns to its vomit, so fools repeat their folly." This comparison, while highlighting a negative behavior, also acknowledges a common observation of animal behavior, which can serve as a tool for teaching moral lessons.

In addition to these specific references, the Bible also provides broader principles that can guide our understanding of animal rights and our treatment of dogs. Genesis 1:26-28 describes humanity’s dominion over animals, stating, "Then God said, 'Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.'" This dominion is not a license for exploitation but a call to stewardship. As stewards of God’s creation, we are entrusted with the care and well-being of all creatures, including dogs.

The principle of stewardship is further emphasized in Proverbs 12:10: "The righteous care for the needs of their animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel." This verse underscores the moral responsibility to treat animals with kindness and compassion. It suggests that a righteous person will naturally care for their animals, reflecting a heart aligned with God’s values.

Moreover, the Bible’s overarching message of love and compassion extends to all of creation. In Matthew 10:29, Jesus speaks of God’s care for even the smallest creatures: "Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground outside your Father’s care." If God cares for sparrows, how much more does He care for other animals, including dogs?

Christian literature and tradition also offer insights into our relationship with dogs and other animals. St. Francis of Assisi, known for his profound love for all creatures, often spoke of the kinship between humans and animals. He saw animals as part of God’s creation, deserving of respect and care. His famous "Canticle of the Creatures" reflects this view, praising God for all elements of creation, including animals.

C.S. Lewis, a renowned Christian apologist, also touched on the topic of animals in his writings. In "The Problem of Pain," Lewis speculates on the possibility of animals having an eternal existence, suggesting that they might be redeemed through their relationship with humans. While this is a speculative idea, it reflects a thoughtful consideration of the place of animals in God’s plan.

In light of these biblical teachings and Christian reflections, we can draw several conclusions about dogs and our relationship with them. While dogs in the Bible are often depicted in negative contexts due to cultural perceptions, there are also moments that suggest a more nuanced view. The broader biblical principles of stewardship, compassion, and the intrinsic value of all creation provide a framework for understanding our responsibility toward dogs and other animals.

As modern Christians, we can embrace these principles by treating dogs with kindness and care, recognizing them as part of God’s creation. This approach aligns with the biblical call to stewardship and reflects the love and compassion that are central to the Christian faith. Whether we view dogs as pets, working animals, or companions, our treatment of them should reflect the values of respect, care, and compassion that are foundational to our faith.

In conclusion, while the Bible’s direct references to dogs are often negative due to historical and cultural contexts, the broader biblical principles offer a compelling case for treating dogs and all animals with kindness and respect. As stewards of God’s creation, we are called to reflect His love and compassion in all our interactions, including those with our canine companions.